ASAM CDF

The first ASAM A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard in the The process of recording data from internal ECU memory and external sensors.measurement and The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration area, ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC (formerly ASAP2), was released in the late 1990^th and became a great success. This A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard describes The process of recording data from internal ECU memory and external sensors.measurement and The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration data. ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 was quickly adopted by tools in the Measurement and CalibrationMC area. However, the actual The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration parameter values continued to be stored in proprietary formats such as CSV or DCM.

To fill this gap, the ASAM community developed the ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard in the early 2000s. Version 1.0 was released by the end of 2002. Unlike ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC, Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF used Extensible Markup Language (W3C Standard)XML, which was not yet very widely accepted in the automotive industry. Furthermore, Extensible Markup Language (W3C Standard)XML lacked some important features. As a consequence, the A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard was not well received and had almost no tool support in the following years.

For version 2.0, the working group completely abandoned version 1.0 and used the MSRSW Document Type DefinitionDTD 3.0 as the starting point for the new version. The group incorporated data descriptions from ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC and took over the quality meta data description from the proprietary format PaCo. The A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard also included a new User's Guide with many examples how to create Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF Extensible Markup Language (W3C Standard)XML code based upon data descriptions from ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC and ASAM Model Data Exchange Format (ASAM Standard)MDX. Version 2.0 was released in 2006 and turned out to be a very stable and successful release until today.

Version 2.1 incorporated changes to make the A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard compatible with ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC 1.7. For example, the changes include support for structured data types, BLOBs, look-up tables with three to five dimensions (CUBOID, CUBE_4, CUBE_5) and model links. The latter allows to re-import changed The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration values into models of Is the process of imitation of the behavior of a modeled real-world system over time.simulation and graphical programming tools.

The main motivation for ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF was to close the gap in the Measurement and CalibrationMC-standards portfolio of ASAM with a A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard that stored The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration parameter values and associated meta data. Together with ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC and ASAM Measurement Data Format (ASAM Standard)MDF, those three standards completely cover the data handling of Measurement and CalibrationMC tools. The A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard should furthermore replace company-proprietary storage formats and the corresponding importers, exporters and converters. ASAM ensures that those three standards are always aligned with each other and that data exchange of compliant tools is seamless and does not involve conversions or data loss.

ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF is purpose-made for The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration of ECU software.  The sole use is in this area. The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.Calibration tools store parameter values in Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF format. The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.Calibration data management tools are able to import them into their internal Is an organized collection of data.database. The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.Calibration data is being exchanged between different companies, using ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF. Other application scenarios include the automated generation of reports and documentation that include parameter values and their meta data. Model-based design tools may import Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF-files to calibrate controller models.

The file extension of ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF compliant description files is either "cdfx" or "Extensible Markup Language (W3C Standard)xml".

The file should be encoded in the UTF-8 character set. UTF-8 allows the use of non-Latin characters like Chinese or Japanese, which is useful in descriptive texts inside the cdfx-file such as descriptions <LONG-NAME> and remarks <REMARK>.

The internal format of cdfx-files is based upon Extensible Markup Language (W3C Standard)XML notation. The A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard includes a A formal definition of the structure and syntax of text files.schema definition file (.XML Schema Definition (W3C Standard)xsd) and a document type definition file (.Document Type Definitiondtd) for formal file The process of determining that a system performs and meets the needs for identified end users.validation.

ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF is tightly coupled with ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC and ASAM Model Data Exchange Format (ASAM Standard)MDX. The ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF User's Guide describes with many examples, how entries of parameter values defined in ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC or ASAM Model Data Exchange Format (ASAM Standard)MDX files are supposed to be expressed in ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF files.

Other aggregated elements of <SW-INSTANCE> are:

• <CATEGORY>: type of parameter
• <SW-FEATURE-REF>: reference to a function or feature
• <SW-VALUE_COUNT> and <SW-AXIS-CONTS>: value representation
• <SW-CS-HISTORY>: quality meta data
• <SW-CS-FLAGS>: process meta data
• <SW-INSTANCE-PROPS-VARIANT>: variant coding

They are described in the next sub-chapters.

ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF and ASAM Model Data Exchange Format (ASAM Standard)MDX support arrays of elements of the types VALUE_ARRAY, 1D-table with two axes.CURVE_ARRAY, 2D-table with three axes.MAP_ARRAY and STRUCTURE_ARRAY. Each element of the array is identified and accessible via the <SW-ARRAY-INDEX> element . The arrays must meet the following conditions:

• each element of the array must have the same structure of types
• tables in CURVE_ARRAY and MAP_ARRAY must use the same axis types or reference the same axes

Arrays of elements are not supported by ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC.

The type of the parameter is described in <SW-INSTANCE> and identified by the <CATEGORY> element. The following table lists the available types. The table also shows the corresponding category values for the CHARACTERISTIC and AXIS_DESCR keywords in ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC. The category values in ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF and ASAM Model Data Exchange Format (ASAM Standard)MDX are identical.

Each parameter is typically declared and owned by a function (ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC) or feature (ASAM Model Data Exchange Format (ASAM Standard)MDX) of the ECU application software. The standards ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC and ASAM Model Data Exchange Format (ASAM Standard)MDX define the names of the functions or features, respectively. The same names can be stored in cdfx-files for each <SW-INSTANCE> under the aggregated element <SW-FEATURE-REF>. This definition provides a link between parameter descriptions, their values and their owner-functions or owner-features.

The actual values of each parameter are stored in the element <SW-AXIS-CONT> for axes and <SW-VALUE-CONT> for all other parameter types. Those elements aggregate the mandatory element <SW-VALUES-PHYS>. The element name indicates that a cdfx-file shall store physical values instead of implementation values. Physical values have a unit and are easily understood by The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration engineers. Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF-processing tools must convert between physical values and implementation values as stored in ECU memory. The conversion is described via the COMPU_METHOD keyword in ASAM MCD-2 MC Languagea2l-files (see ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC) or the COMPU-METHOD element in Model Data Exchange Format (ASAM Standard)MDX-files (see ASAM Model Data Exchange Format (ASAM Standard)MDX).

Optionally, the <VG> element can be used as the next aggregation to arbitrarily group values. This grouping can be used by The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration systems for arranging the data on a display.

The final level of aggregation holds the <V> element for each individual parameter value, indicating that it is a numerical value, or <VT>, indicating that it is a textual value (i.e. a string). Numerical values can be represented in the following formats:

• decimal, e.g. 123456.789
• exponential, e.g. 12346e-5
• hexadecimal, e.g. 0xFF3E
• binary, e.g. 0b1010011

The precision of a physical value in the cdfx-file must be high enough so that the original implementation value can be calculated. When the Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF-processing tool is not able to reach the necessary precision, then the "PW" attribute in <SW-INSTANCE> shall be set to the value "NOT-PRECISE".

Special floating-point values such as NaN, −∞ and +∞ are not supported. Corresponding value entries are to be left empty in cdfx-files.

Each parameter may include a set of optional meta data that allows to infer the quality of its value. This is done via the aggregated elements <SW-CS-HISTORY> and <SW-CS-ENTRY>. The following table lists the quality meta data that can be stored for each parameter.

<STATE>, <DATE> and <CSUS> are mandatory elements for each entry.

The <SW-CS-ENTRY> entries are sorted. The most current entry is at the top of the <SW-CS-HISTORY> list.

The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.Calibration tools use this data to show the state, origin and test environment that was used for the determination of the value for each parameter. The meta data is also often used to create reports and statistics. For example, the progress of a project can be presented in a pie chart, in which each segment represents a state and the number of parameters in this state. Engineers and managers can quickly assess the overall progress and maturity of the The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration project.

For each parameter the <SW-INSTANCE> may include a set of optional elements for process-related meta data. This data is aggregated via the element <SW-CS-FLAG>.  The element may include <CSUS>, <DATE> and <REMARK>, as described in the previous chapter. Two further elements are available:

• <CATEGORY>: type of process meta data
• <FLAG>: value of meta data, depending on the category

Those elements may hold process-specific values. Since The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration processes are typically very specific to companies, application domains and technical systems, the A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard does not define specific values for <CATEGORY> and <FLAG>.

ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF allows to express selectable variants of parameter values. If <SW-INSTANCE-TREE> has the <CATEGORY> value "VCD", then this denotes that all parameters <SW-INSTANCE> within this instance tree may have more than one value. Every <SW-INSTANCE> must aggregate the <SW-INSTANCE-PROPS-One of multiple, interchangeable sets of data or functions in an ECU.VARIANT> element. The <SW-INSTANCE-PROPS-One of multiple, interchangeable sets of data or functions in an ECU.VARIANT> element aggregates the elements for the definition of values and additionally includes one or several elements of <SW-VCD-CRITERION-VALUE>, which is used to distinguish different variants of the parameter value instance via criterion parameters. If a parameter value shall have no variants, then the <SW-VCD-CRITERION-VALUE> element is just omitted underneath <SW-INSTANCE-PROPS-VARIANTS>.

This One of multiple, interchangeable sets of data or functions in an ECU.variant coding method is compatible with the One of multiple, interchangeable sets of data or functions in an ECU.variant coding methods of ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC and ASAM Model Data Exchange Format (ASAM Standard)MDX.

The Is an abstract model that organizes data and how they relate to one another via formal description elements such as entities, attributes, relations and tables.data model of ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF is appropriate for most of the The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration processes in the automotive industry. However, a need could exist for storing data in a cdfx-file, for which no specific place is defined in the Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF Is an abstract model that organizes data and how they relate to one another via formal description elements such as entities, attributes, relations and tables.data model. The A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard allows to store such data in special data groups <SDG>, which is a A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard extension mechanism in Extensible Markup Language (W3C Standard)XML. Such special data groups can be aggregated by any other element of ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF. <SDG> allows to extend the Is an abstract model that organizes data and how they relate to one another via formal description elements such as entities, attributes, relations and tables.data model with new data in a structurally A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard-compliant way, but whose meaning is not defined by the A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard. A <SDG> has a name given by its GID-attribute. <SDG> aggregates an arbitrary number of special data <SD>. <SD> elements have a name via the GID-attribute, too, and their semantic meaning may be further described by the SI-attribute.

Tools are allowed to ignore <SDG>. The tools can import the <SDG> data structure without erroring out. However, the tools most likely will not be able to understand the meaning of the data inside the <SDG> and cannot further process this proprietary data, unless the tool has been specifically developed to identify the GID- and SI-attributes. Consequently, care should be taken by using <SDG>. Information in <SDG> may not be understood by all tools of a The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration tool chain and my impede interoperability. It is advisable to not use them in multi-company collaborative development projects.

The A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard belongs to a group of tightly coupled standards that specify interfaces of The process of recording data from internal ECU memory and external sensors.measurement, The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration and diagnostic systems (Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD). ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF is associated to ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC and ASAM Measurement Data Format (ASAM Standard)MDF.  ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC is a Is a description about how information is encoded and structured and given a specific syntax for storage in a computer file.file format that stores the description of The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration parameters and The process of recording data from internal ECU memory and external sensors.measurement data.  Measurement Data Format (ASAM Standard)MDF is a Is a description about how information is encoded and structured and given a specific syntax for storage in a computer file.file format that stores the values of measured variables and associated meta data. ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF supports all data elements of ASAM Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD-2 Measurement and CalibrationMC except CUBOID. Furthermore, ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF is compatible to ASAM Model Data Exchange Format (ASAM Standard)MDX.

When all standards are jointly applied, then the Measurement, Calibration and DiagnosticsMCD tool-chain achieves a high degree of interoperability, vendor- and technology-independence and allows easy exchange of data between customers and suppliers.

The primary application area of ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF is the The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration of ECU software.

All major The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration tools have importers and exporters for the format. Proprietary formats still exist in this area such as DCM and CSV. Furthermore, the majority of tools for The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration data management have importers and exporters for ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF.

The A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard is widely accepted for this class of tools. It is desirable that model-based development tools and documentation generators know how to import and export The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration data; however, support for ASAM Calibration Data Format (ASAM Standard)CDF is still not very common for this class of tools.

The A public specification, which has been developed by experts in a defined consensus-driven development process and was released by officials that represent a significant share of the industry for which it is targeted, giving the specification the necessary legitimacy to be called a 'Standard'.standard includes the following deliverables:

• Reference Guide
• User's Guide
• XSD and DTD schema files
• Example files
   

The downloadable archive contains a cdfx-file and the corresponding ASAM MCD-2 MC Languagea2l-file for demonstration purposes. The archive also includes further files that are typically used in an ECU The process of recording data from internal ECU memory and external sensors.measurement and The process of ECU parameter tuning. Tests with ECU hardware and software in the loop are carried out. ECU internal variables and external sensor data is recorded and analyzed. The values of internal ECU parameters are determined as a result of this process.calibration project.